Blind Spots: Four Psychological Factors that Can Get You Injured
Everyone has a blind spot when it comes to being safe. No, we’re not talking about just the little area of space in your car where it’s hard to see if someone is about to hit you on the highway, or the area behind your head. Blind spots can pop up in lots of areas, not just our vision. Whenever we are not aware of something—whether it’s in our physical surroundings, how we behave, or our personal attitudes—we lack insight about this. And when we lack insight into something that can get us hurt, it can be a blind spot for our safety.
Consider Your Behavior
Think about how you typically drive. We all have moments when we go a little (or a lot) over the speed limit, or when we speed up at yellow lights. We know that we are not supposed to do this but we often do it anyway, even though we know it can get us or someone else hurt. So why do we do it? In some cases, we don’t even realize we’re doing it. In other cases, we realize it, but perhaps believe that there is very little chance that we’ll get into an accident or get pulled over by a police officer. Or worse, we may not even see these behaviors as dangerous or risky at all.
Whatever the reason may be, these can all be potential blind spots that put us in harm’s way. And the more blind spots we surround ourselves with each day, the greater chance we have of injuring ourselves or others around us.
Driving is just one common example that most people can relate to, but there are many other types of situations or activities where our blind spots can emerge. For many people, the workplace is where their blind spots can multiply very quickly, putting them at much greater risk. Whether it’s someone in a factory, a warehouse, driving a vehicle, or even in an office setting, blind spots can come in many different forms.
Examples
First, consider a senior manager who oversees all operations for a mining company. He spends most of his time in the office or in meetings but essentially, company safety policy is largely dictated by him. One of the company’s mine sites has reported two recordable injuries in the past month. The reports seem to indicate that both of these injuries were due to very rare and unpredictable circumstances. As he always says, “Some accidents just can’t be prevented…” and so he believes there is little he or the team could have done to prevent these injuries. As a result, no further action is taken to investigate the cause of the two injuries. Three months later, an employee is almost killed and is permanently paralyzed in a very similar incident.
Second, we might have a mechanic who does daily maintenance on various pumps and machines in a large area of an oil refinery. A highly experienced individual with plenty of experience in this type of work, he has always found work despite his tendency to lose focus and be forgetful at times. On a particularly busy day, he is feverishly trying to repair two different pumps when he gets an urgent call from a supervisor about a potential chemical spill on the level below. Distracted, he follows the wrong lock-out/tag-out procedure for a valve on one of the pumps. Shortly after, another mechanic assigned to complete the repair assumes that all valves are fully disabled. As he begins to repair that valve, he is heavily sprayed with a blast of highly caustic acid at over 300 degrees, resulting in multiple second degree burns to his face.
Third, let’s say we have an employee at a warehouse who has recently started on the job. She has come from a previous job where she was fired for multiple safety violations, which she insists were very minor. In fact, she was only trying to do her job but the rules prevented her from being more productive. Today, she needs to get a package down from a shelf that is only about a foot above her head. Company safety policy requires her to use a ladder at this height, but there is not one available, and it would probably take more than 10 minutes to retrieve one. Since no one is watching, she climbs up on the lowest level shelf to reach the package. While pulling it down, she slips and falls. She strains her back and fractures a bone, resulting in over four months of lost time and workers’ compensation claims.
Lastly, there is the example of a truck driver who is under a tight deadline to make a delivery to a major customer. He knows that this delivery must be on time, and he also knows that traffic is building up on the highway due to the time of day. With this particular customer, if the delivery is not on time, he could lose his job. Being rather impulsive by nature, he makes a last-minute decision to change his route and takes the closest exit ramp. In his haste, he fails to realize that the ramp has a steep incline, and he is unable to slow down quickly enough. He crashes into a vehicle in front of him at the bottom of the exit ramp. The driver and passenger in the vehicle are both severely injured.
Factors
In each of these cases, we’ve seen a good example of a blind spot that has put an employee and/or their co-workers at greater risk of injury—either because they were not aware of something in their environment or because of how they view risk, or simply their attitudes toward safety in general. Something in their personality, their mental make-up, or just the way they view the world blinded them to the level of risk to which they were exposing themselves. They lacked insight at critical moments about how their behavior could lead to an injury.
Each of these blind spots can be summarized as follows:
Stays in Control. In the first example, the senior manager in charge of safety policy at the mine had the basic view in life that some things are simply outside of one’s control. And this included safety. He probably viewed the previous injuries as simply due to “bad luck” or rare, unavoidable incidents. Therefore, why take precautions against future incidents? Some people simply attribute events to luck rather than their own actions, so they don’t think they have control over things such as safety. Stays in Control is our first factor.
Aware of Surroundings. In the second example, the mechanic working in the oil refinery had great skills and experience, but didn’t necessarily possess the best memory or attention level. When things got busy, as they often do, he simply forgot a small—but essential—detail at the wrong place and at the wrong time. Unfortunately, his co-worker paid the price for his lack of Awareness, which is our second factor.
Follows Rules. In our third example, our new warehouse employee displayed a basic disregard for existing safety rules. She believed that the rules did not really apply to her, and that it was more important to do the job quickly than safely. Her behavior is linked to our third factor: Following Rules.
Exhibits Caution. In our final example, the driver was impulsive, lacked patience and took an unnecessary risk. In other words, he failed to Exhibit Caution. This is the fourth and final risk factor.
Together, these four psychological factors—Stays in Control, Aware of Surroundings, Follows Rules and Exhibits Caution—form the Four Factor S.A.F.E. Model. These four factors are critical to maintaining one’s safety in any workplace. Based on decades of research on accidents and injuries, these four factors are usually involved when a person is injured or involved in a safety incident.
These personal traits are not equally distributed across the general population, however. Human beings are all unique in terms of their psychological characteristics, so everyone possesses different levels of each factor which results in a unique profile. This is referred to as a person’s “SafetyDNA.” Our SafetyDNA profile helps determine our daily level of personal exposure to risk and injury, based on our safety-related strengths and blind spots.
However, most people are not aware that they might have a blind spot when it comes to one or more of these factors, and without insight into them, even the best safety training program can still leave people exposed to injury.
By assessing for these factors using a validated SafetyDNA assessment, organizations can now provide their employees with valuable insight and coaching on their personal blind spots. Individuals in any working environment then have the information and the tools to help them make true behavioral changes that reduce their daily exposure and result in safer work practices over time.
Esteban Tristan, Ph.D. is the director of safety solutions at Select International, a provider of employee assessment solutions. He manages the development and implementation of all safety solutions and services, which address some of the critical challenges faced by organizations today in workplace safety.